Разработаны. Протестированы. Готовы к интеграции.
Инструментальные усилители (ИУ) – это прецизионные усилительные блоки, которые имеют дифференциальный вход, а их выход может быть дифференциальным или несимметричным по отношению к опорному напряжению. Эти усилители обеспечивают усиление разности между напряжениями двух входных сигналов, ослабляя любые сигналы, которые являются общими для обоих входов. ИУ широко применяются во многих задачах сбора данных, промышленных, измерительных и медицинских приложениях, где требуется поддержание высокой точности статических характеристик и малой погрешности коэффициента усиления на фоне шумов и в присутствии сильных синфазных сигналов (обычно, на частоте напряжения питания сети переменного тока). Компания Analog Devices предлагает полную линейку прецизионных, малошумящих, малопотребляющих ИУ с превосходным КОСС (коэффициентом ослабления синфазного сигнала) для любой задачи и любого сегмента рынка.
ИУ с программируемым коэффициентом усиления (PGiA, Programmable Gain Instrumentation Amplifier) – это специальный вид ИУ, который имеет фиксированные уровни усиления. Желаемое значение коэффициента усиления выбирается цифровым способом – либо аппаратно при помощи специальных выводов программирования, либо программно через соответствующий интерфейс (SPI или I2C). PGiA идеально подходят для задач, где необходима минимальная погрешность коэффициента усиления или где одна ИМС PGiA может заменить несколько ИУ с разными настройками коэффициента усиления.
Подберите компоненты при помощи приведенной ниже таблицы параметрического поиска и перейдите по соответствующей ссылке для загрузки технических описаний или заказа образцов.
Для компонентов семейств AD62x и AD822x доступны универсальные оценочные платы. Для остальных компонентов, перейдите по ссылке с наименованием компонента в таблице и смотрите информацию об оценочной плате на соответствующей странице продукта.
У вас есть вопросы об усилителях ADI? Посетите Amplifiers Support Community на форуме Engineer Zone.
Разработаны. Протестированы. Готовы к интеграции.
| Part# | Single/Dual Supply | V Span Min | V Span Max | Bandwidth @ G=10 | Voltage Noise RTI | Input Headroom from V- | Gain Setting Method | Gain (min) | Gain (max) | Supply Current | Bias Current | Min CMRR @60Hz Max Gain | Min CMRR @ 60 Hz Min Gain | Input Voltage Noise | US-Price-1000-to-4999 | In Amp Architecture |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AD8422 | - | 3.6V | 36V | 850KHz | 150nV p-p | -1.2V | - | 1V/V | 1KV/V | 300µA | 200pA | 150dB | 94dB | 8nV/rtHz | ** | In-Amp |
| AD8232 | - | 2V | 3.5V | - | 14µV p-p | - | - | - | 100V/V | 170µA | 50pA | 80dB | 80dB | 100nV/rtHz |
$ | In-Amp |
| AD8237 | Single | 1.8V | 5.5V | 20KHz | 1.5µV p-p | 300mV | Resistor | 1V/V | 1KV/V | 115µA | 250pA | 114dB | 106dB | 68nV/rtHz |
$ | In-Amp |
| AD8420 | Single/Dual | 2.7V | 36V | 25KHz | 1.5µV p-p | - | Resistor | 1V/V | 1KV/V | 80µA | 20nA | 100dB | 100dB | 55nV/rtHz |
$ | In-Amp |
| AD8421 | Dual | 36V | 5V | 10MHz | - | 2.3V | Resistor | 1V/V | 10KV/V | 2.3mA | 100pA | 140dB | 94dB | - |
$ | In-Amp |
| AD8428 | Dual | 8V | 36V | - | 40nV p-p | - | fixed | - | 2KV/V | 6.5mA | 200nA | 130dB | 130dB | 1.5nV/rtHz |
$ | In-Amp |
| AD8476Reference Circuit Available | Single/Dual | 3V | 18V | - | 6µV p-p | - | - | 1V/V | 1V/V | 300µA | - | - | - | 39V/rtHz |
$ | - |
| ADA4830-1Reference Circuit Available | Single | 2.9V | 5.5V | - | - | - | - | - | - | 6.8mA | - | - | - | - |
$ | Difference Amp |
| AD8426 | Single/Dual | 2.2V | 36V | 160KHz | 500nV p-p | 100mV | Resistor | 1V/V | 1KV/V | 350µA | 20nA | 110dB | 90dB | 24µV/rtHz |
$ | In-Amp |
| AD8429 | Dual | 8V | 36V | - | 2µV p-p | - | Resistor | 1V/V | 1KV/V | 6.7mA | 150nA | 140dB | 90dB | 1nV/rtHz |
$ | In-Amp |
| AD8218 | - | 4V | 80V | 500KHz | - | - | - | - | - | 800µA | - | - | - | - |
$ | Current Sense |
| AD8219 | - | 4V | 80V | 500KHz | - | - | - | - | - | 800µA | - | - | - | - |
$ | Current Sense |
| AD8475Reference Circuit Available | Single/Dual | 3V | 10V | - | - | - | - | - | - | 3mA | - | - | - | 10nV/rtHz |
$ | - |
| AD5749 | - | 12V | 55V | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
$ | - |
| AD8207 | Single | 4.5V | 5.5V | 150KHz | - | - | fixed | - | - | 2.5mA | - | - | - | - |
$ | Current Sense |
| AD8217 | - | 4.5V | 80V | 500KHz | - | - | - | - | - | 800µA | - | - | - | - |
$ | Current Sense |
| AD5748 | - | 12V | 48V | - | - | - | - | - | - | 5.2mA | - | - | - | - |
$ | - |
| AD8208 | Single | 4.5V | 5.5V | - | - | - | Pin | - | - | 1.6mA | - | - | - | - |
$ | Current Sense |
| AD8209 | Single | 4.5V | 5.5V | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1.6mA | - | - | - | - |
$ | Current Sense |
| AD8235 | Single | 1.8V | 5.5V | 9KHz | 4µV p-p | - | Resistor | 5V/V | 200V/V | 40µA | 1pA | 110dB | 94dB | 76nV/rtHz |
$ | In-Amp |
| AD8279 | - | 2V | 36V | - | - | - | fixed | - | - | 200µA | - | - | - | 47nV/rtHz |
$ | Difference Amp |
| AD5750Reference Circuit Available | Dual | 12V | 24V | - | - | - | - | - | - | 5.6mA | - | - | - | - |
$ | - |
| AD8277 | Single/Dual | 2V | 36V | - | - | - | - | - | - | 200µA | - | - | - | 65nV/rtHz |
$ | Difference Amp |
| AD8278 | - | 2V | 36V | - | - | - | - | - | - | 200µA | - | - | - | 47nV/rtHz |
$ | Difference Amp |
| AD8227Reference Circuit Available | Single/Dual | 2.2V | 36V | 200KHz | 1.5µV p-p | -0.1V | Resistor | 5V/V | 1KV/V | 400µA | 20nA | 105dB | 90dB | 24nV/rtHz |
$ | In-Amp |
| AD8236 | Single | 1.8V | 5.5V | 9KHz | 4µV p-p | - | Resistor | 5V/V | 200V/V | 40µA | 1nA | 110dB | 94dB | 70nV/rtHz |
$ | In-Amp |
| AD8276Reference Circuit Available | Single/Dual | 2V | 36V | - | - | - | fixed | - | - | 200µA | - | - | 86dB | 65nV/rtHz |
$ | Difference Amp |
| AD8226Reference Circuit Available | Single/Dual | 2.2V | 36V | 160KHz | 2µV p-p | -0.1V | Resistor | 1V/V | 1KV/V | 400µA | 20nA | 105dB | 80dB | 22nV/rtHz |
$ | In-Amp |
| AD8271Reference Circuit Available | Dual | 5V | 36V | - | - | - | - | - | - | 2.6mA | - | - | - | 38V/rtHz |
$ | Difference Amp |
| AD8223 | Single/Dual | 3V | 24V | 125KHz | 1µV p-p | 150mV | Resistor | 5V/V | 1KV/V | 500µA | 12nA | 90dB | 80dB | 30nV/rtHz |
$ | In-Amp |
| AD8274Reference Circuit Available | Dual | 5V | 36V | 10MHz | - | - | - | - | - | 2.6mA | - | - | - | 26nV/rtHz |
$ | Difference Amp |
| AD8275Reference Circuit Available | Single | 3.3V | 15V | - | - | - | Resistor | - | - | 1.9mA | - | 96dB | 96dB | 40nV/rtHz |
$ | Difference Amp |
| AD8295Reference Circuit Available | Dual | 4.6V | 36V | 750KHz | 2µV p-p | 1.9V | Resistor | 1V/V | 1KV/V | 2.3mA | 200pA | 130dB | 80dB | 8nV/rtHz |
$ | In-Amp |
| AD8228 | Dual | 4.6V | 36V | 650KHz | 500nV p-p | 1.9V | Pin | 10V/V | 100V/V | 1mA | 400pA | 120dB | 100dB | 8nV/rtHz |
$ | In-Amp |
| AD8253Reference Circuit Available | Dual | 10V | 34V | 4MHz | 2.5µV p-p | 1V | Digital, Pin | 1V/V | 1KV/V | 5.3mA | 5nA | 100dB | 80dB | 10nV/rtHz |
$ | In-Amp |
| AD8293G160 | Single | 1.8V | 5.5V | 500Hz | 700nV p-p | - | fixed | - | 160V/V | 1.3mA | 400pA | 94dB | 94dB | 35nV/rtHz |
$ | Current Sense, In-Amp |
| AD8293G80 | Single | 1.8V | 5.5V | 500Hz | 700nV p-p | - | fixed | - | 80V/V | 1.3mA | 400pA | 94dB | 94dB | 35nV/rtHz |
$ | Current Sense, In-Amp |
| AD8215 | Single | 4.5V | 5.5V | 450KHz | - | - | fixed | - | - | 2.2mA | - | 100dB | 100dB | - |
$ | Current Sense |
| AD8270 | Dual | 5V | 36V | - | - | - | Pin | - | - | 2.5mA | - | 80dB | 70dB | 38V/rtHz |
$ | Difference Amp |
| AD8273 | Dual | 5V | 36V | - | - | - | Pin | - | - | 2.5mA | - | - | 77dB | 26nV/rtHz |
$ | Difference Amp |
| AD8216 | Single | 4.5V | 5.5V | 3MHz | - | - | fixed | - | - | 2mA | - | 80dB | 80dB | - |
$ | Current Sense |
| AD8211 | Single | 4.5V | 5.5V | 500KHz | - | - | fixed | - | - | 2mA | - | 100dB | 100dB | - |
$ | Current Sense |
| AD8290 | Single | 2.6V | 5.5V | - | 750nV p-p | 200mV | fixed | 50V/V | 50V/V | 1.8mA | 100pA | 110dB | 110dB | 35nV/rtHz |
$ | Difference Amp, In-Amp |
| AD8557 | Single | 2.7V | 5.5V | - | 500nV p-p | 600mV | Digital | 28V/V | 1.3KV/V | 1.8mA | 18nA | 96dB | 75dB | 32nV/rtHz |
$ | In-Amp |
| AD8212Reference Circuit Available | Single | 7V | 65V | 1MHz | - | - | Resistor | - | - | 720µA | - | 100dB | 100dB | - |
$ | Current Sense |
| AD8213 | Single | 4.5V | 5.5V | 500KHz | - | - | fixed | - | - | 2.5mA | - | 100dB | 100dB | - |
$ | Current Sense |
| AD8231 | Single | 3V | 6V | 700KHz | 1.1µV p-p | - | Digital, Pin | 1V/V | 128V/V | 5mA | 250pA | 110dB | 80dB | 32nV/rtHz |
$ | In-Amp |
| AD8251 | Dual | 10V | 34V | 2.5MHz | 2.5µV p-p | 1.5V | Digital, Pin | 1V/V | 8V/V | 4.5mA | 5nA | 98dB | 80dB | 18nV/rtHz |
$ | In-Amp |
| AD8224 | Single/Dual | 4.6V | 36V | 800KHz | 5µV p-p | -0.1V | Resistor | 1V/V | 1KV/V | 750µA | 10pA | 94dB | 78dB | 14nV/rtHz |
$ | In-Amp |
| AD8250 | Dual | 10V | 34V | 3MHz | 2.5µV p-p | 1.5V | Digital, Pin | 1V/V | 10V/V | 4.5mA | 5nA | 98dB | 80dB | 18nV/rtHz |
$ | In-Amp |
| AD8214 | Single | 5V | 65V | - | - | - | Resistor | - | - | 1.2mA | - | 80dB | 80dB | - |
$ | Current Sense |
| ADM1191 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
$ | - |
| ADM1192 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
$ | - |
| AD8222 | Dual | - | - | 750KHz | 2µV p-p | 1.9V | Resistor | 1V/V | 1KV/V | 1.1mA | 200pA | 130dB | 80dB | 8nV/rtHz |
$ | In-Amp |
| ADM4073 | Single | 3V | 28V | 1.8MHz | - | - | - | - | - | 1.2mA | - | - | - | - |
$ | Current Sense |
| AD8210Reference Circuit Available | Single | 4.5V | 5.5V | 500KHz | - | - | fixed | - | - | 1.5mA | - | 100dB | 100dB | - |
$ | Current Sense |
| AD8220Reference Circuit Available | Single/Dual | 4.6V | 36V | 800KHz | 5µV p-p | -0.1V | Resistor | - | - | 750µA | 10pA | 94dB | 78dB | 14nV/rtHz |
$ | In-Amp |
| AD8553 | Single | 1.8V | 5.5V | 1KHz | 700nV p-p | - | Resistor | 100mV/V | 10KV/V | 1.3mA | 400pA | 120dB | 80dB | 27nV/rtHz |
$ | In-Amp |
| AD8206 | Single | 4.5V | 5.5V | 100KHz | - | - | fixed | - | - | 2mA | - | 76dB | 76dB | - |
$ | Current Sense |
| AD8556 | Single | 4.5V | 5.5V | - | 500nV p-p | 2.1V | Digital | 70V/V | 1.28KV/V | 2.7mA | 49nA | 94dB | 80dB | 32nV/rtHz |
$ | In-Amp |
| AD8203 | Single | 3.5V | 12V | 60KHz | - | - | fixed | - | - | 250µA | - | 82dB | 82dB | - |
$ | Current Sense |
| AD8230 | Single/Dual | 8V | 16V | 2KHz | 3µV p-p | 0V | Resistor | 2V/V | 1KV/V | 3.5mA | 33pA | 110dB | 110dB | 240nV/rtHz |
$ | In-Amp |
| AD8202 | Single | 3.5V | 12V | 50KHz | - | - | fixed | - | - | 250µA | - | 82dB | 82dB | 275V/rtHz |
$ | Current Sense |
| AD8205 | Single | 4.5V | 5.5V | 50KHz | - | - | fixed | - | - | 2mA | - | 78dB | 78dB | - |
$ | Current Sense |
| AD8221Reference Circuit Available | Dual | 4.6V | 36V | 562KHz | 2µV p-p | 1.9V | Resistor | 1V/V | 1KV/V | 1mA | 200pA | 130dB | 80dB | 8nV/rtHz |
$ | In-Amp |
| AD628Reference Circuit Available | Single/Dual | 4.5V | 36V | 600KHz | - | - | Pin, Resistor | - | - | 1.6mA | - | 75dB | 75dB | 300V/rtHz |
$ | Difference Amp |
| AD8225 | Dual | 3.4V | 36V | 900KHz | 1.5µV p-p | 1.6V | fixed | 5V/V | 5V/V | 1.2mA | 500pA | 86dB | 86dB | 45nV/rtHz |
$ | In-Amp |
| AD8129 | Single/Dual | 4.5V | 25V | 200MHz | - | 1.25V | Resistor | - | - | 10.8mA | - | - | 94dB | - |
$ | - |
| AD629Reference Circuit Available | Dual | 5V | 36V | - | - | - | fixed | - | - | 1mA | - | 77dB | 77dB | 550V/rtHz |
$ | Difference Amp |
| AD627 | Single/Dual | 2.2V | 36V | 30KHz | - | -0.1V | Resistor | 5V/V | 1KV/V | 85µA | 3nA | 77dB | 77dB | 38nV/rtHz |
$ | In-Amp |
| AD623 | Single/Dual | 2.7V | 12V | 100KHz | 2µV p-p | -0.15V | Resistor | 1V/V | 1KV/V | 550µA | 17nA | 105dB | 70dB | 35nV/rtHz |
$ | In-Amp |
| AD622 | Dual | 5.2V | 36V | 800KHz | 4µV p-p | 1.9V | Resistor | 1V/V | 1KV/V | 1.3mA | 2nA | 103dB | 66dB | 12nV/rtHz |
$ | In-Amp |
| AD22057 | Single | 3V | 26V | 30KHz | - | - | - | - | - | 500µA | - | - | - | - |
$ | Current Sense |
| AMP04 | Single/Dual | 5V | 36V | 10KHz | 7µV p-p | 0V | Resistor | 1V/V | 1KV/V | 900µA | 22nA | 75dB | 50dB | 25nV/rtHz |
$ | In-Amp |
| AD621 | Dual | 4.6V | 36V | 800KHz | 550nV p-p | 1.9V | Pin | 10V/V | 100V/V | 1.3mA | 500pA | 110dB | 93dB | 9nV/rtHz |
$ | In-Amp |
| AD626 | Single/Dual | 2.4V | 10V | 100KHz | - | - | Pin | - | - | 2mA | - | 55dB | 55dB | - |
$ | Current Sense, Difference Amp |
| AD620Reference Circuit Available | Dual | 4.6V | 36V | 800KHz | 3µV p-p | 1.9V | Resistor | 1V/V | 10KV/V | 1.3mA | 500pA | 110dB | 73dB | 9nV/rtHz |
$ | In-Amp |
| AMP02 | Dual | 9V | 36V | 300KHz | 1.2µV p-p | 4V | Resistor | 1V/V | 10KV/V | 6mA | 2nA | 110dB | 75dB | 9nV/rtHz |
$ | In-Amp |
| AMP03 | Dual | 12V | 36V | - | - | 5V | fixed | - | - | 2.5mA | - | 85dB | 85dB | 90V/rtHz |
$ | Difference Amp |
| AD526 | Dual | 9V | 33V | 350KHz | 3µV p-p | 5V | Digital | 1V/V | 16V/V | 14mA | 50pA | - | - | 30nV/rtHz |
$ | In-Amp |
| AD625 | Dual | 12V | 36V | 400KHz | 10µV p-p | 3V | Resistor | 1V/V | 10KV/V | 5mA | 50nA | 110dB | 70dB | 4nV/rtHz |
$ | In-Amp |
| AD624 | Dual | 12V | 36V | 150KHz | 10µV p-p | 3V | Pin | - | - | 5mA | 15nA | 110dB | 70dB | 4nV/rtHz |
$ | In-Amp |
| AMP01 | Dual | - | - | 100KHz | 13µV p-p | - | Resistor | - | - | 4.8mA | 1nA | - | - | - |
$ | In-Amp |
| AD524 | Dual | 12V | 36V | 400KHz | 15µV p-p | 3V | Pin | - | - | 5mA | 25nA | 110dB | 70dB | 7nV/rtHz |
$ | In-Amp |
| AD522 | Dual | 10V | 36V | 30KHz | - | 5V | Resistor | - | - | 8mA | 25nA | 100dB | 75dB | - | ** | In-Amp |
| Part# | Channels | Input Voltage Range | Voltage Output Ranges | Settling Time (µs) | Drift (ppm/°C) | Current Output Ranges | Current Drift (ppm/°C) | Input Format | Voltage Supply (min) | Voltage Supply (max) | Operating Temp Range | VREF | Features | Current Output TUE (%FS) | Output Voltage (TUE) (%) | US Price 1000-4999 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AD5749 | 1 | 0 to 4.096 V | - | - | - | 0 to 24 mA, 4 to 20 mA | 5ppm/C | SPI | 12V | 55V | -40 to +105 | 4.096V | Fault Detection, PEC, ASYN CLR | 0.15% | - |
$ |
| AD5748 | 1 | 0 to 4.096 V | +/- 10 V, 0 to 10 V, 0 to 5 V | 7µs | 3ppm/C | 0 to 20 mA, 4 to 20 mA | 5ppm/C | SPI | 12V | 48V | -40 to +105 | 4.096V | - | 0.15% | 0.05% |
$ |
| AD5751Reference Circuit Available | 1 | 0 to 4.096 V | 0 to 10 V, 0 to 40 V, 0 to 5 V | 7µs | 3ppm/C | 0 to 20 mA, 0 to 24 mA, 4 to 20 mA | 5ppm/C | SPI | 10.8V | 55V | -40 to +105 | 4.096V | Output Fault Detection, PEC, ASYN CLR, 0 V or Tristate | 0.08% | 0.05% |
$ |
| AD5750Reference Circuit Available | 1 | 0 to 4.096 V | +/- 10 V, +/- 5 V, 0 to 10 V, 0 to 5 V | 7µs | 3ppm/C | +/- 20 mA, +/- 24 mA, 0 to 20 mA, 0 to 24 mA, 4 to 20 mA | 5ppm/C | SPI | 12V | 24V | -40 to +105 | 4.096V | Output Fault Detection, PEC, ASYNC CLR, 0 V or Tristate | 0.03% | 0.02% |
$ |
| AD5750-1Reference Circuit Available | 1 | 0 to 2.5 V | +/- 10 V, +/- 5 V, 0 to 10 V, 0 to 5 V | 7µs | 3ppm/C | +/- 20 mA, +/- 24 mA, 0 to 20 mA, 0 to 24 mA, 4 to 20 mA | 5ppm/C | SPI | 12V | 24V | -40 to +105 | 1.25V | Output Fault Detection, PEC, Asyn CLR, 0 V or Tristate | 0.03% | 0.02% |
$ |
| AD5410Reference Circuit Available | - | - | - | - | 26ppm/C | - | 7ppm/C | SPI | 10.8V | 60V | -40 to +85 | - | - | 0.1% | - |
$ |
| AD5420Reference Circuit Available | - | - | - | - | 38ppm/C | - | 7ppm/C | Digital | 10V | 60V | -40 to +85 | - | - | 0.6% | - |
$ |
| AD421 | - | - | - | - | 50ppm/C | - | - | Digital | 2.95V | 5.05V | -40 to +85 | - | - | - | - |
$ |
| AD420 | - | - | - | 2.5ms | 20ppm/C | - | - | Digital | 12V | 32V | -40 to +85 | - | - | - | - |
$ |
| AD693 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | Analog | - | - | -40 to +85 | - | - | - | - |
$ |
| Part# | Description | Single/Dual Supply | V Span Min | V Span Max | Bandwidth @ G=10 | Min CMRR @60Hz Max Gain | Min CMRR @ 60 Hz Min Gain | Input Headroom from V- | Gain Setting Method | Supply Current | Gain (min) | Gain (max) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AD8253Reference Circuit Available | Software Programmable | Dual | 10V | 34V | 4MHz | 100dB | 80dB | 1V | Digital, Pin | 5.3mA | 1V/V | 1KV/V |
| AD8557 | Sensor Amp | Single | 2.7V | 5.5V | - | 96dB | 75dB | 600mV | Digital | 1.8mA | 28V/V | 1.3KV/V |
| AD8231 | Zero Drift Software Prog | Single | 3V | 6V | 700KHz | 110dB | 80dB | - | Digital, Pin | 5mA | 1V/V | 128V/V |
| AD8251 | Software Programmable | Dual | 10V | 34V | 2.5MHz | 98dB | 80dB | 1.5V | Digital, Pin | 4.5mA | 1V/V | 8V/V |
| AD8250 | Software Programmable | Dual | 10V | 34V | 3MHz | 98dB | 80dB | 1.5V | Digital, Pin | 4.5mA | 1V/V | 10V/V |
| AD8556 | Sen/Filter Amp | Single | 4.5V | 5.5V | - | 94dB | 80dB | 2.1V | Digital | 2.7mA | 70V/V | 1.28KV/V |
| AD526 | Software Programmable | Dual | 9V | 33V | 350KHz | - | - | 5V | Digital | 14mA | 1V/V | 16V/V |
The AD8422 is a high precision, low power, low noise, rail-to-rail instrumentation amplifier that delivers the best performance per unit microampere in the industry. The AD8422 processes signals with ultralow distortion performance that is load independent over its full output range.
The AD8422 is the third generation development of the industry standard More