Respiration Rate Measurement Solutions

The MAX86178 is a highly integrated, multiple vital-sign monitoring device with a complete photoplethysmogram (PPG), electrocardiogram (ECG) and biopotential (BioZ) analog front end (AFE) for wearable applications. The MAX86178 offers high performance for wellness and clinical applications with low power for long battery life.

The PPG data acquisition system supports up to 6 LEDs and 4 photodiode inputs. The LEDs are programmable from two high-current, 8-bit LED drivers. The receive path has two low-noise, high-resolution readout channels that each include independent 20-bit ADCs and industry-leading ambient light cancellation (ALC) circuits, producing the highest performing integrated optical data acquisition system on the market today.

The ECG channel has EMI filtering, internal lead biasing, right-leg drive, and extensive calibration voltages for built-in self-test. The ECG channel also has high-input impedance, low noise, high CMRR, programmable gain, an anti-aliasing low-pass filter, and a high-resolution ADC. It is designed to meet IEC 60601-2-47 Ambulatory ECG Systems monitoring compliance requirements.

The BioZ receive channel has EMI filtering and extensive calibration features. The BioZ receive channel also has high input impedance, low noise, programmable gain, low-pass and high-pass filter options, and a high-resolution ADC. There are several modes for generating input stimulus: balanced square-wave source/sink current, sine-wave current, and both sine-wave and square-wave voltage stimuli. A wide range of stimulus magnitudes and frequencies is available.

The MAX86178 has DC and AC lead-off detection, a flexible timing system, and a PLL. All three sensor channels are synchronized. The MAX86178 is available in a 7 x 7 49-bump wafer-level package (WLP) with package dimensions of 2.77mm x 2.57mm, and operates over -40°C to +85°C temperature range.

Applications

• Ambulatory Heart Monitors
• Impedance Cardiography/Hemodynamic Monitors
• Pulse Arrival Time (PAT), Pulse Travel Time (PTT), Pulse Wave Velocity (PWV) Assessments
• Pulse-Oximetry Devices
• Single- and Multi-Frequency Bioimpedance Analysis
• Smart-Clothing Applications
• Wearable Vital-Sign Monitors

The ADPD6000 is a highly integrated analog front end (AFE) designed for measuring various vital signals.

The optical channel is designed as an optical transceiver, stimulating up to four light emitting diodes (LEDs) and measuring the return signal on up to four separate current inputs. The signal chain rejects signal offsets and corruption from asynchronous modulated interference, typically from ambient light, eliminating the need for optical filters or externally controlled dc cancellation circuitry.

The electrocardiography (ECG) signal acquisition is designed to support low noise, diagnostic level measurement in the presence of a variety of interferers. The ECG signal chain has a number of complementary features supporting ECG measurement, such as driven reference for common-mode rejection and lead off detection to identify a fallen electrode.

The body impedance analysis (BIA) signal chain is designed for body impedance measurement with a configurable excitation path and measurement path. A 12-bit digital-to-analog (DAC) is used in the excitation path to generate the sinusoid wave and high precision measurement, with configurable filters used to measure the body response of the stimulus.

The data output and functional configuration use a serial port interface (SPI) on the ADPD6000. The control circuitry includes flexible LED signaling and synchronous detection, digital filters, digital wave generators, and configurable filters.

The ADPD6000 is available in a 2.6 mm × 2.6 mm, 0.4 mm pitch, 36-ball wafer level chip scale package (WLCSP).

APPLICATIONS

• Wearable health and fitness monitors: heart rate, heart rate variability, SpO2, body impedance analysis, hydration, cuffless noninvasive blood pressure
• Home patient monitoring
• Industrial monitoring: particle and aerosol, gas, and conductivity detection

The MAX30009 is a complete Bioimpedance (BioZ) Analog Front-End (AFE) solution for wearable applications. It offers high performance for fitness, wellness, and clinical applications, and ultra-low power for long battery life. The BioZ receive channel has Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) protection, Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) filtering, internal lead-biasing, DC leads-off detection, DRVN lead-off detection, and ultra-low power lead-on detection during standby mode. The BioZ receive channel also has high input impedance, low noise, high Common-Mode Rejection Ratio (CMRR), programmable gain, various low-pass and high-pass filter options, and two high resolution analog-to-digital converters for simultaneous I and Q acquisition.

The BioZ transmit channel has a sine-wave current generator to drive AC currents into the body with a wide frequency range of 16Hz to 500kHz and a wide magnitude range of of 16nA_RMS to 1.28mA_RMS. The transmit channel can also operate in the sine-wave voltage and H-bridge modes. The flexible input/output MUX allows for both bipolar and tetrapolar measurements with multiple sets of electrodes.

For measurements requiring high absolute impedance accuracy such as Bioimpedance Analysis/Spectroscopy (BIA/BIS) and Automated External Defibrillator (AED) body impedance, the MAX30009 offers several calibration options. An external precision resistor can be connected to the four-wire calibration port for the highest accuracy. Internal trimmed resistors also provide high accuracy.

The PLL-based timing subsystem allows for a wide range of fine-tuned stimulus and sampling frequencies, and can be synchronized with other Analog Devices biosensors for simultaneous data collection.

The MAX30009 is available in a 2.03mm x 2.03mm, 25-bump Wafer-Level Package (WLP), operating over the -40°C to +85°C temperature range.

Applications

• Wearable Fitness, Wellness, and Medical Devices
• Multifrequency Body Composition Analyzers
• Non-Invasive Hemodynamic Monitors
• Automatic External Defibrillators
• Optimized Performance to Accurately Detect:
  • Respiration Rate
  • Galvanic Skin Response/Electrodermal Activity
  • Bioimpedance Spectroscopy
  • Body Composition and Fluid Analysis
  • Impedance Cardiography and Plethysmography

DARWIN is a new breed of low-power microcontrollers built to thrive in the rapidly evolving Internet of Things (IoT). They are smart, with the biggest memories in their class and a massively scalable memory architecture. They run forever, thanks to wearable-grade power technology. They are durable enough to withstand the most advanced cyberattacks. DARWIN microcontrollers are designed to run any application imaginable—in places where you would not dream of sending other microcontrollers.

Generation UB microcontrollers are designed to handle the increasingly complex applications demanded by today's advanced battery-powered devices and wirelessly connected devices, while providing robust hardware security and Bluetooth^® 5 Low Energy (Bluetooth LE) radio connectivity.

The MAX32665/MAX32666 UB class microcontrollers are advanced systems-on-chips featuring an Arm^® Cortex^®-M4 with FPU CPU for efficient computation of complex functions and algorithms with integrated power management. They also include the newest generation Bluetooth 5 LE radio with high throughput (2Mbps) and ADI's best-in-class hardware security suite trust protection unit (TPU). The devices offer large on-board memory with 1MB flash and 560KB SPAM. Split flash banks of 512KB each support seamless over-the-air upgrades, adding an additional degree of reliability. Memory scalability of data (SRAM) and code (flash) space is supported by two SPI execute-in-place (SPIX) interfaces.

Multiple high-speed interfaces are supported including HS-USB, secure digital interface (SD, SDIO, MMC, SDHC, and microSD™), SPI, UART, and I²C serial interfaces, and an audio subsystem supporting PDM, PCM, I²S, and TDM interfaces. An 8-input, 10-bit ADC is available to monitor analog inputs from external sensors and meters. The devices are available in 109-bump WLP (0.35mm pitch) and 121-bump CTBGA (0.65mm pitch).

Applications

• Connected Home
• Gaming Devices
• Hearables
• Industrial Sensors
• Payment/Fitness/Medical Wearables
• Telemedicine

In the Darwin family, the MAX32670 is an ultra-low-power, cost-effective, high-reliability 32-bit microcontroller enabling designs with complex sensor processing without compromising battery life. It combines a flexible and versatile power management unit with the powerful Arm^® Cortex^®-M4 processor with a floating point unit (FPU). It also offers legacy designs an easy and cost-optimal upgrade path from 8- or 16-bit microcontrollers.

The device integrates 384KB (376KB user) of flash memory and 160KB of SRAM to accommodate application and sensor code. Additional features, such as the two windowed watchdog timers with fully flexible and independent clocking, have been added to further enhance reliable operation. Brown-out detection ensures proper operation during power-down/power-up events and unexpected supply transients.

Multiple high-speed peripherals such as 3.4MHz I²C, 50MHz SPI, and UARTs maximize communication bandwidth. In addition, a low-power UART is available for operation in the lowest-power sleep modes to facilitate wake-up on activity without any loss of data. A total of six timers with I/O capability are provided, including two low-power timers to enable pulse counting, capture/compare, and PWM generation in the lowest-power sleep modes. All of this capability is packaged in a tiny form factor: 5mm × 5mm, 40-pin TQFN-EP or 1.75mm × 2.50mm, 24-bump WLP.

Applications

• Smart Sensor Controller
• Industrial Sensors
• Optical Communication Modules
• Secure Radio Modem Controller
• Battery-Powered Medical Devices
• System Housekeeping Controller
• Algorithm Coprocessor

The AD5933 is a high precision impedance converter system solution that combines an on-board frequency generator with a 12-bit, 1 MSPS, analog-to-digital converter (ADC). The frequency generator allows an external complex impedance to be excited with a known frequency. The response signal from the impedance is sampled by the on-board ADC and a discrete Fourier transform (DFT) is processed by an on-board DSP engine. The DFT algorithm returns a real (R) and imaginary (I) data-word at each output frequency.

Once calibrated, the magnitude of the impedance and relative phase of the impedance at each frequency point along the sweep is easily calculated. This is done off chip using the real and imaginary register contents, which can be read from the serial I²C interface.

The ADuCM350 is a configurable Impedance Converter and Potentiostat with current and voltage measurement capability for both Electrochemical sensors and Biosensors. It is a complete, coin cell powered, high precision, MCU integrated solution for portable device applications such as point-of-care diagnostics and body-worn devices for monitoring vital signs.

The ADuCM350 analog front end (AFE) features a 16-bit, precision, 160 kSPS analog-to-digital converter (ADC); 0.17% precision voltage reference; 12-bit, no missing codes digital-to-analog converter (DAC); and a reconfigurable ultralow leakage switch matrix. It has 4 voltage measurement channels, up to 8 current measurement channels and an impedance measurement DFT engine. The ADuCM350 also includes an ARM Cortex-M3-based processor, memory, and all I/O connectivity to support portable meters with display, USB communication, and active sensors. The ADuCM350 is available in a 120-lead, 8 mm × 8 mm CSP_BGA and operates from −40°C to +85°C.

To support extremely low dynamic and hibernate power management, the ADuCM350 provides a collection of power modes and features, such as dynamic and software controlled clock gating and power gating. The AFE is connected to the ARM Cortex-M3 via an advanced high performance bus (AHPB) slave interface on the advanced microcontroller bus architecture (AMBA) matrix, as well as direct memory access (DMA) and interrupt connections.

APPLICATIONS

• Point-of-care diagnostics
• Body-worn devices for monitoring vital signs
• Amperometric, voltametric, and impedometric measurements

The MAX86178 evaluation kit (EV kit) provides a platform to evaluate the functionality and features of the MAX86178 with photoplethysmogram (PPG), electrocardiogram (ECG), and bioimpedance (BioZ) measurement capabilities. The EV kit allows for flexible hardware and software configurations to help the user quickly learn how to configure and optimize the MAX86178 for their own applications.

The MAX86178 is a complete PPG, ECG, and BioZ analog front-end solution that consists of two optical readout channels, one single-lead ECG channel, and a BioZ channel that supports both tetrapolar and bipolar electrode configurations, all of which can operate simultaneously. The optical readout channels support up to 6 LEDs and 4 photodiode inputs. The BioZ channel supports several modes of stimulation: square-wave sink/source currents, sine-wave currents, sine-wave voltages, and square-wave voltages with a range of frequencies to support multiple BioZ applications.

The MAX86178 EV kit consists of two boards. MAXSENSORBLE_EVKIT_B is the microcontroller (MCU) board while MAX86178_EVKIT_C is the sensor board containing the MAX86178. To enable PPG and ECG measurement capabilities, the sensor board also contains 3 LEDs (red, green, and IR), 3 discrete photodi-odes (Vishay VEMD8080), and component configurations on the ECG and BioZ channels. The EV kit can be powered through a USB connection to a PC using a USB-C to USB-A cable or a LiPo Battery. The EV kit communicates with the MAX86178GUI (should be installed in user’s system) through Bluetooth (WINBLE). The EV kit contains the latest firmware and comes with the MAXDAP-TYPE-C programming circuit board in case a firmware change is needed.

Applications

• Ambulatory Heart Monitors
• Impedance Cardiography/Hemodynamic Monitors
• Pulse Arrival Time (PAT), Pulse Travel Time (PTT), Pulse Wave Velocity (PWV) Assessments
• Pulse-Oximetry Devices
• Single- and Multi-Frequency Bioimpedance Analysis
• Smart-Clothing Applications
• Wearable Vital-Sign Monitors

The MAX30009EVKIT# evaluation kit (EV kit) provides a platform to evaluate the functionality and features of the MAX30009 Low-Power, High-Performance Bioimpedance (BioZ) Analog Front End. The EV kit allows for flexible hardware and software configurations to help the user quickly learn how to configure and optimize the MAX30009 for their applications.

The MAX30009 is a complete Bioimpedance (BioZ) analog front-end solution for wearable applications. It offers high performance for fitness, wellness, and clinical applications and ultra-low power for long battery life. The BioZ receive channel has ESD protection, EMI filtering, internal lead biasing, DC leads off detection, DRVN lead-off detection, and ultra-low power lead-on detection during standby mode. The BioZ receive channel also has high input impedance, low noise, high CMRR, programmable gain, various low-pass, and high-pass filter options, and two high-resolution analog to digital converters for simultaneous I and Q acquisition.

The MAX30009EVKIT# EV kit consists of two boards. MAXSENSORBLE_EVKIT_B is the microcontroller (MCU) board while MAX30009_EVKIT_B is the sensor board containing the MAX30009. The EV kit is powered by a LiPo battery, which is recharged through a USB-C cable. The EV Sys communicates with MAX30009GUI (should be installed in the user system) via Bluetooth® (WIN BLE).The EV kit contains the latest firmware but comes with the programming circuit board MAXDAP-TYPE-C in case a firmware change is needed.

Applications

• Wearable Fitness, Wellness, and Medical Devices
• Multifrequency Body Composition Analyzers
• Non-Invasive Hemodynamic Monitors
• Automatic External Defibrillators
• Optimized Performance to Accurately Detect:
• Respiration Rate
• Galvanic Skin Response/Electrodermal Activity
• Bioimpedance Spectroscopy
• Body Composition and Fluid Analysis
• Impedance Cardiography and Plethysmography

This user guide describes the operation of the EVAL-ADPD6000Z demonstration kit, which is an evaluation module for the ADPD6000.

The ADPD6000 is a fully integrated analog front end (AFE) for wearable vital signal monitoring (VSM) devices. The key functions of the ADPD6000 include photoplethysmography (PPG), electrocardiography (ECG), and body impedance analysis (BIA).

The demonstration kit includes both software and hardware. The EVAL-ADPD6000Z can evaluate the AFE feature and verify the system design based on the AFE. According to the requirements of the application, the user can use a cable connection or Bluetooth connection to establish communication between the PC and the EVAL-ADPD6000Z.

This user guide also describes the example configuration of the different functions of the ADPD6000.

For full details on the ADPD6000, see the ADPD6000 data sheet, which must be consulted in conjunction with the user guide when using the EVAL-ADPD6000Z.

The ADP5360 includes a high performance linear regulator for single Li-ion/Li-ion battery charging, ultralow quiescent current fuel gauge and battery protection circuit, an ultralow quiescent buck and a buck boost switching regulator, and a supervisory circuit.

The ADP5360CB-EVALZ evaluation board supports an external USB dongle connection and the graphic user interface (GUI) software allows the user to evaluate the comprehensive functionalities provided by the I2C interface.

The ADP5360 operates over the −40°C to +85°C junction temperature range and is available in a 32-ball, 2.56 mm × 2.56 mm WLCSP.

More information on the ADP5360 is provided in the ADP5360 data sheet, which must be consulted in conjunction with the evaluation board user guide.

This user guide describes the EVAL-AD5933EBZ evaluation board, and the application software developed to interface with the device. The AD5933 is a high precision impedance converter system that combines an on-board frequency generator with a 12-bit, 1 MSPS analog-to-digital converter (ADC). The frequency generator allows an external complex impedance to be excited with a known frequency. The on-board ADC samples the response signal from the impedance, and an on-board DSP engine at each excitation frequency processes the DFT. The AD5933 also contains an internal temperature sensor with 13-bit resolution. The part operates from a 2.7 V to 5.5 V supply. Other on-board components include a ADR423 3.0 V reference to act as a stable supply voltage for the separate analog and digital sections of the device and a ADP3303 ultrahigh precision regulator to act as a supply to the on-board universal serial bus controller that interfaces to the AD5933. The user has the option to power the entire circuitry from the USB port of a computer.

The evaluation board also has a high performance trimmed 16 MHz surface-mount crystal to act as a system clock to the AD5933, if required. Interfacing to the AD5933 is through a USB microcontroller that generates the I²C signals necessary to communicate with the AD5933. Interfacing to the USB microcontroller is done through a Visual Basic^® graphic user interface located on and run from the PC. Complete specifications for the AD5933 are available in the AD5933 data sheet available from Analog Devices, Inc., and should be consulted in conjunction with this user guide when using the evaluation board.

The MAX32665/MAX32666 EV kits provide platforms for evaluating the capabilities of the MAX32665/MAX32666 high-efficiency Arm^® microcontroller and audio DSP for wearable and hearable device applications.

These EV kits evaluate all variants of the CTBGA IC. There is a socketed version for the secure IC and direct mount version for the nonsecure IC.

Applications

• Connected Home
• Gaming Devices
• Hearables
• Industrial Sensors
• Payment/Fitness/Medical Wearables
• Telemedicine

The MAX32670 evaluation kit (EV kit) provides a platform for evaluation capabilities of the MAX32670. The MAX32670 is an ultra-low-power, cost-effective, highly reliable 32-bit microcontroller that enables designs with complex sensor processing without compromising battery life. It combines a flexible and versatile power management unit with the powerful Arm^® Cortex^® -M4 core with floating point unit (FPU). The MAX32670 also offers legacy designs an easy and cost optimal upgrade path from 8-bit or 16-bit microcontrollers.

Applications

• Algorithm Coprocessor
• Battery-Powered Medical Devices
• Industrial Sensors
• Optical Communication Modules
• Secure Radio Modem Controller
• Smart Sensor Controller
• System Housekeeping Controller

This reference design provides information about preparing and operating the MAXREFDES282: Health Patch Platform. This platform uses high-sensitivity Photoplethysmogram (PPG), Electrocardiogram (ECG), Bio Impedance (BioZ) and temperature biosensors, and two power-management IC (PMIC) from Maxim Integrated^®, now part of Analog Devices^®, in a chest-patch design to capture biometric signals important for healthcare. The platform integrates algorithms to calculate those vital signs including heart rate (HR), respiration rate (RR), and blood oxygenation (SpO₂) based on the biosensors measurement data. The vital signs data can be displayed on a Windows^® GUI in real-time and logged to a local file for further study. This is a demonstration only reference design. The schematic, layout, and manufacturing files are not available.

Wearable and supporting documentation are available under NDA only.*

The MAXREFDES220# reference design provides everything you need to quickly prototype your product to measure finger-based heart rate, blood oxygen saturation level (SpO2), and blood pressure trending (BPT).

The MAX30101 and the MAX32664 provide an integrated hardware and software solution for multiple finger-based applications. The MAX32664 firmware provides algorithm output.

A MAX32630FTHR is provided to emulate a host system for easy development.

Design files, firmware, and software are available for this reference design. The board is also available for purchase.

The MAXREFDES104# is a unique evaluation and development platform in a wearable form factor that demonstrates the functions of a wide range of Maxim’s products for health-sensing applications. This third-generation health sensor platform (an advancement of the MAXREFDES101# Health Sensor Platform 2.0) integrates a two-in-one PPG + ECG analog-front-end (AFE) sensor (MAX86176), a human body temperature sensor (MAX30208), a microcontroller (MAX32666), a power-management IC (MAX20360), and a 3-axis accelerometer. The complete platform includes a 3D-printed enclosure and a biometric algorithm hub with an embedded heart-rate, oxygen saturation and ECG algorithms (MAX32674). Algorithm output and raw data can be streamed through Bluetooth™ to a PC GUI for demonstration, evaluation, and customized development.