MAX2036

Ultrasound VGA Integrated with CW Octal Mixer

Industry's First Fully Integrated Octal VGA + CW Doppler Beamformer IC Enables the Industry's Highest Levels of Integration

Data Sheet (Rev. 1)

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Overview

8-Channel Configuration
High Integration for Ultrasound Imaging Applications
Pin Compatible with the MAX2035 Ultrasound VGA
VGA Features
- Maximum Gain, Gain Range, and Output-Referred Noise Optimized for Interfacing with 10-Bit ADCs
  - Maximum Gain of 39.5dB
  - Total Gain Range of 50dB
  - 60nV/ Ultra-Low Output-Referred Noise at 5MHz
±0.5dB Absolute Gain Error
120mW Consumption per Channel
Switchable Output VGA Clamp Eliminating ADC Overdrive
Fully Differential VGA Outputs for Direct ADC Drive
Variable Gain Range Achieves 50dB Dynamic Range
-62dBc HD2 at V_OUT = 1.5V_P-P and f_IN = 5MHz
Two-Tone Ultrasound-Specific* IMD3 of -52dBc at V_OUT = 1.5V_P-P and f_IN = 5MHz
CWD Mixer Features
- Low Mixer Noise of -155dBc/Hz at 1kHz Offset from 1.25MHz Carrier
- Serial-Programmable LO Phase Generator for 4, 8, 16 LO Quadrature Phase Resolution
- Optional Individual Channel 4 x f_LO LO Input Drive Capability
- 269mW Power Consumption per Channel (Normal Power Mode) and 226mW Power Consumption per Channel (Low-Power Mode)

The MAX2036 8-channel variable-gain amplifier (VGA) and programmable octal mixer array is designed for high linearity, high dynamic range, and low-noise performance targeting ultrasound imaging and Doppler applications. Each amplifier features differential inputs and outputs and a total gain range of 50dB (typ). In addition, the VGAs offer very low output-referred noise performance suitable for interfacing with 10-bit ADCs.

The MAX2036 VGA is optimized for less than ±0.5dB absolute gain error to ensure minimal channel-to-channel ultrasound beamforming focus error. The device's differential outputs are designed to directly drive ultrasound ADCs through an external passive anti-aliasing filter. A switchable clamp is also provided at each amplifier's output to limit the output signals, thereby preventing ADC overdrive or saturation.

Dynamic performance of the device is optimized to reduce distortion to support second-harmonic imaging. The device achieves a second-harmonic distortion specification of -62dBc at V_OUT = 1.5V_P-P and f_IN = 5MHz, and an ultrasound-specific* two-tone third-order intermodulation distortion specification of -52dBc at V_OUT = 1.5V_P-P and f_IN = 5MHz.

The MAX2036 also integrates an octal quadrature mixer array and programmable LO phase generators for a complete CW beamforming solution. The LO phase selection for each channel can be programmed using a digital serial interface and a single high-frequency clock or the LOs for each complex mixer pair can be directly driven using separate 4 x LO clocks. The serial interface is designed to allow multiple devices to be easily daisy-chained in order to minimize program interface wiring. The LO phase dividers can be programmed to allow 4, 8, or 16 quadrature phases. The input path of each CW mixer consists of a selectable lowpass filter for optimal CWD noise performance. The outputs of the mixers are summed into I and Q differential current outputs. The mixers and LO generators are designed to have exceptionally low noise performance of -155dBc/Hz at 1kHz offset from a 1.25MHz carrier.

The MAX2036 operates from a +5.0V power supply, consuming only 120mW/channel in VGA mode and 269mW/channel in normal power CW mode. A low-power CW mode is also available and consumes only 226mW/channel. The device is available in a lead-free 100-pin TQFP package (14mm x 14mm) with an exposed pad. Electrical performance is guaranteed over a 0°C to +70°C temperature range.

Applications

Sonar
Ultrasound Imaging

Documentation

Data Sheet 1

MAX2036: Ultrasound VGA Integrated with CW Octal Mixer Data Sheet (Rev.1) 03/16/2010

Reliability Data 1

MAX2036 Reliability Data 01/12/2023

This is the most up-to-date revision of the Data Sheet.

Software Resources

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Hardware Ecosystem

Parts	Product Life Cycle	Description
Analog to Digital Converters (ADCs) 14
MAX1434	PRODUCTION	Octal, 10-Bit, 50Msps, 1.8V ADC with Serial LVDS Outputs
MAX1436		Octal, 12-Bit, 40Msps, 1.8V ADC with Serial LVDS Outputs
MAX1437	Obsolete	Octal, 12-Bit, 50Msps, 1.8V ADC with Serial LVDS Outputs
MAX1438	PRODUCTION	Octal, 12-Bit, 65Msps, 1.8V ADC with Serial LVDS Outputs

MAX1126	PRODUCTION	Quad, 12-Bit, 40Msps, 1.8V ADC with Serial LVDS Outputs
MAX1127	PRODUCTION	Quad, 12-Bit, 65Msps, 1.8V ADC with Serial LVDS Outputs
MAX1181	PRODUCTION	Dual 10-Bit, 80Msps, 3V, Low-Power ADC with Internal Reference and Parallel Outputs
MAX1182	PRODUCTION	Dual 10-Bit, 65Msps, +3V, Low-Power ADC with Internal Reference and Parallel Outputs
MAX1183	PRODUCTION	Dual 10-Bit, 40Msps, 3V, Low-Power ADC with Internal Reference and Parallel Outputs
MAX1186	PRODUCTION	Dual 10-Bit, 40Msps, 3V, Low-Power ADC with Internal Reference and Multiplexed Parallel Outputs
MAX1446	LAST TIME BUY	10-Bit, 60Msps, 3.0V, Low-Power ADC with Internal Reference
MAX1444	LAST TIME BUY	10-Bit, 40Msps, 3.0V, Low-Power ADC with Internal Reference
MAX1193	PRODUCTION	Ultra-Low-Power, 45Msps, Dual 8-Bit ADC
MAX1192	PRODUCTION	Ultra-Low-Power, 22Msps, Dual 8-Bit ADC
Beamformers & Vector Modulators 1
MAX2038		Ultrasound VGA Integrated with CW Octal Mixer
Low-Noise Amplifiers (LNAs) & Power Amplifiers 1
MAX2034		Quad-Channel, Ultra-Low-Noise Amplifier with Digitally Programmable Input Impedance
Variable Gain Amplifiers (VGA) 2
MAX2035		Ultrasound Variable-Gain Amplifier
MAX2037		Ultrasound Variable-Gain Amplifier

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