Attention Internet Explorer users: Analog.com no longer supports IE 11. Please update your browser to ensure the best performance on analog.com

Ошибка совместимости браузера: мы больше не поддерживаем данную версию Internet Explorer. Для оптимальной работы сайта мы рекомендуем обновить Ваш браузер до последней версии.Обновить Microsoft Internet Explorer

Rarely Asked Questions

RAQ Issue: 185

ВЫПУСК 185, January 2021

The Perilous Path from the Transducer to the ADC: What’s an Engineer to Do?

Hooman Hashemi

вопрос: Is there a building block that allows me to take a tiny transducer output signal directly to an ADC input voltage?

RAQ Issue: 184

ВЫПУСК 184, December 2020

How a 16-Bit Output Module with Voltage and Current Outputs Can Be Controlled with Full Isolation from the Microcontroller

Thomas Brand

вопрос: How could I design a microcontroller-controlled isolated 16-bit output module?

RAQ Issue: 183

ВЫПУСК 183, November 2020

Voltage Conversion in Four Quadrants

Frederik Dostal

вопрос: What is a four-quadrant power supply?

Keeping EMI from LED Drivers Under Control
ВЫПУСК 182, October 2020
Generating Very Low Voltages with Standard Regulators
ВЫПУСК 181, September 2020
Design of an Adjustable Voltage Output Using a Push-Button Digital Potentiometer
ВЫПУСК 180, August 2020
Energy Storage Using Supercapacitors: How Big Is Big Enough?
ВЫПУСК 179, July 2020
Wide Voltage Range Automotive Circuit Protector
ВЫПУСК 178, June 2020
RMS Power vs. Average Power
ВЫПУСК 177, May 2020
Ultralow Noise, 48 V, Phantom Microphone Power Supply Using a Tiny DC-to-DC Boost Converter
ВЫПУСК 176, April 2020
LTspice Audio WAV Files: Using Stereo and Encrypting Voice Messages
ВЫПУСК 175, March 2020
Current Noise in FET Input Amps
ВЫПУСК 174, February 2020
On Building Physically Accurate Analog Switch Macromodels
ВЫПУСК 173, January 2020
Manipulating MCU SPI Interface to Access a Nonstandard SPI ADC
ВЫПУСК 172, December 2019
“If It Isn’t Broken, Don’t Fix It.” Adjusting the Gain of a Fixed-Gain Difference Amplifier
ВЫПУСК 171, November 2019
Inductor Current Measurement in Switched Power Supplies
ВЫПУСК 170, October 2019
A Simple Way to Measure Temperature Using One GPIO Digital Interface
ВЫПУСК 169, September 2019
Bootstrapping a Low Voltage Op Amp to Operate with High Voltage Signals and Supplies
ВЫПУСК 168, August 2019
When Smaller Is Better
ВЫПУСК 167, July 2019
How to Convert Light Intensity Into an Electrical Quantity
ВЫПУСК 166, June 2019
Discrete Difference Amplifier vs. an Integrated Solution
ВЫПУСК 165, May 2019
Guidelines for Placing the Inductor on a Switch Mode Power Supply Printed Circuit Board
ВЫПУСК 164, April 2019
SAR Converter with PGA Achieves Dynamic Range of 125 dB
ВЫПУСК 163, March 2019
Enablement of Batteryless Applications with Wireless Power
ВЫПУСК 162, February 2019
A New Spin on a Classic Architecture: Achieving a Fully Differential Output Using Single-Ended Instrumentation Amplifiers
ВЫПУСК 161, January 2019
Simple Circuit Measures Relative Intensity of Two Light Sources
ВЫПУСК 160, December 2018
When Grounds Are Separated
ВЫПУСК 159, November 2018
Driving a Unipolar Gate Driver in a Bipolar Way
ВЫПУСК 158, October 2018
Overvoltage Protection for RTD-Based Measurement Systems
ВЫПУСК 157, September 2018
Optimized Power Supply Measurement Setup
ВЫПУСК 156, August 2018
Home on the Range: Getting Multiple Gain Ranges With Instrumentation Amplifiers
ВЫПУСК 155, July 2018
Pocket-Size White Noise Generator for Quickly Testing Circuit Signal Response
ВЫПУСК 154, June 2018
High Speed ADC Power Supply Domains
ВЫПУСК 153, May 2018
Problem Solver: Multiplying Digital-to-Analog Converter
ВЫПУСК 152, April 2018
High-Side Current Sensing
ВЫПУСК 151, March 2018
Dynamic Use of the Disable Pin on an Amplifier
ВЫПУСК 150, February 2018
Intermediate Voltage to Increase Power Conversion Efficiency
ВЫПУСК 149, January 2018
Unique Gate Drive Applications Enable Rapidly Switching On/Off for Your High Power Amplifier
ВЫПУСК 148, December 2017
Synchronous Rectification on the Secondary Side
ВЫПУСК 147, November 2017
Why Is My Processor Leaking Power? That Sounds Like an Open-Ended Question
ВЫПУСК 146, October 2017
A Low Power, Low Cost, Differential Input to a Single-Ended Output Amplifier
ВЫПУСК 145, September 2017
Accelerometer Tilt Measure Over Temperature and in the Presence of Vibration
ВЫПУСК 144, August 2017
Burned by Low Power? When Lower Current Consumption Can Get You Into Trouble
ВЫПУСК 143, July 2017
Orthogonal Perspectives
ВЫПУСК 142, June 2017
Sometimes, a Signal Needs to Ride the Rails
ВЫПУСК 141, May 2017
Presto! Multiply Your ADC’s Virtual Channel Count with DDC Magic
ВЫПУСК 140, April 2017
The Case of the Misguided Gyro
ВЫПУСК 139, March 2017
This Noise Will Keep You Up at Night
ВЫПУСК 138, February 2017
Psychotic ADC?
ВЫПУСК 137, January 2017
Precision Current Outputs Are Easy to Make
ВЫПУСК 136, December 2016
Amplifier RF: Think Before you Choose!
ВЫПУСК 135, November 2016
Because Mr. Ohm Said So …
ВЫПУСК 134, October 2016
Common Sense for Current Sensing
ВЫПУСК 133, September 2016
Choosing a Precision Op Amp? Trust Goldilocks.
ВЫПУСК 132, August 2016
Going Full Tilt
ВЫПУСК 131, July 2016
Who Killed the Component?
ВЫПУСК 130, June 2016
Who Ate My dBs?
ВЫПУСК 129, May 2016
Citius, Altius, Fortius
ВЫПУСК 128, April 2016
Kalman or FIR Filter for My IMU?
ВЫПУСК 127, March 2016
When Second Sources Aren't
ВЫПУСК 126, February 2016
O CMRR, CMRR! Wherefore Art Thou CMRR?
ВЫПУСК 125, January 2016
Missing Half the Signal
ВЫПУСК 124, December 2015
Unused Pins
ВЫПУСК 123, November 2015
The Truth About Voltage Feedback Resistors
ВЫПУСК 122, October 2015
Unfiltered Analog
ВЫПУСК 121, September 2015
Voltage References Can Bite You, Too
ВЫПУСК 120, August 2015
The Ingenious Gentleman and the Mysterious Paddle
ВЫПУСК 119, July 2015
Mystery Spur Explained: Don't Blame the DDC!
ВЫПУСК 118, June 2015
Murphy Rules!
ВЫПУСК 117, May 2015
Muntzing can save cost, components, and even your sanity
ВЫПУСК 116, April 2015
Isn’t that gain specification a bit lopsided?
ВЫПУСК 115, March 2015
Choosing Voltage References
ВЫПУСК 114, February 2015
Don’t Get Caught Speeding
ВЫПУСК 113, January 2015
Exposed Paddles and Downbonds Improve Performance and Reduce Pin Count
ВЫПУСК 112, December 2014
Choosing Analog ICs
ВЫПУСК 111, November 2014
I Grew Up in the 80s and Survived!
ВЫПУСК 110, October 2014
ADCs for High Dynamic Range – Successive-Approximation or Sigma-Delta?
ВЫПУСК 109, September 2014
LEDs are Photodiodes Too
ВЫПУСК 108, August 2014
The Diamond Plot
ВЫПУСК 107, July 2014
Overranged Converter Recovers Quickly
ВЫПУСК 106, June 2014
Discretion is the better part…
ВЫПУСК 105, May 2014
Looking for Trouble in All the Wrong Places
ВЫПУСК 104, April 2014
Programmable ADC Input Range Provides System Benefits
ВЫПУСК 103, March 2014
Defying Scrooge
ВЫПУСК 102, February 2014
Bits Per Second Make My Head Hertz
ВЫПУСК 101, January 2014
RAQs: 100 Issues and Counting
ВЫПУСК 100, December 2013
Overrange Flag Indicates Data Validity
ВЫПУСК 99, November 2013
Design Tools and Support Communities Make Analog Fun, not Fearful
ВЫПУСК 98, October 2013
EngineerZone Makes Getting Answers a Breeze
ВЫПУСК 97, September 2013
Soft Clipping vs. Hard Clipping
ВЫПУСК 96, August 2013
Do-it-Yourself ASICs
ВЫПУСК 95, July 2013
Crystal Radio Sets and Op Amps—Both Can Detect RF Signals
ВЫПУСК 94, June 2013
Input Magic—Differential Signals Allow Input Swing to Exceed Supply Voltage
ВЫПУСК 93, May 2013
Multipliers and Modulators
ВЫПУСК 92, April 2013
Noise Gain vs. Signal Gain
ВЫПУСК 91, March 2013
Resolution vs. ENOB – Still Hazy After All These Years
ВЫПУСК 90, February 2013
Electronics is Fun
ВЫПУСК 89, January 2013
The Decline of Rounding—or How Significant is Significance?
ВЫПУСК 88, December 2012
Apples and Oranges—Correlating Specifications Requires Common Test Conditions
ВЫПУСК 87, November 2012
Current Transformers—and Vacuum Cleaners
ВЫПУСК 86, October 2012
Great Expectations Come From Basic Understandings
ВЫПУСК 85, September 2012
Driving Miss ADC
ВЫПУСК 84, August 2012
Dual Op Amps and Double Agents
ВЫПУСК 83, July 2012
Transformers: They’re Not All Boat Anchors
ВЫПУСК 82, June 2012
Switching Bits
ВЫПУСК 81, May 2012
The Electromotive Force and Op Amps
ВЫПУСК 80, April 2012
Nobody is Perfect – Not Even an Engineer!
ВЫПУСК 79, March 2012
Considerations on High-Speed Converter PCB Design, Part 4: Plane Coupling
ВЫПУСК 78, February 2012
Beware of big claims and large numbers.
ВЫПУСК 77, January 2012
In and Out – or – Why Have a Capacitor?
ВЫПУСК 76, December 2011
Crosstalkin’ Converters
ВЫПУСК 75, November 2011
Rotary Potentiometers: There Must Be a Better Option
ВЫПУСК 74, October 2011
The Benefits of Ancient Logic
ВЫПУСК 73, September 2011
Balancing Phase in High-Speed Converters
ВЫПУСК 72, August 2011
Looking for savings in all the wrong places
ВЫПУСК 71, July 2011
Do Something with that Unused Pin!
ВЫПУСК 70, June 2011
Considerations on High-Speed Converter PCB Design, Part 3: The E-Pad Low Down
ВЫПУСК 69, May 2011
A Foolish Question about Op Amps and Capacitors
ВЫПУСК 68, April 2011
Measuring the DC Parameters of Op Amps
ВЫПУСК 67, March 2011
Considerations on High-Speed Converter PCB Design, Part 2: Power and Ground Planes.
ВЫПУСК 66, February 2011
Op Amp Dedicated Feedback Pin Helps Achieve New Levels of Performance.
ВЫПУСК 65, January 2011
Oversampling and Undersampling
ВЫПУСК 64, December 2010
Considerations on High-Speed Converter PCB Design, Part 1: Power and Ground Planes.
ВЫПУСК 63, November 2010
Is amplifier headroom cramping your style?
ВЫПУСК 62, October 2010
Make do!
ВЫПУСК 61, September 2010
Watch for Those Multiple Clocking Edges!
ВЫПУСК 60, August 2010
Is Your Amplifier Disabled, or is it Merely Sleeping?
ВЫПУСК 59, July 2010
How to Avoid Burning Cakes
ВЫПУСК 58, June 2010
Keeping Your A/D Converter Clocks Jitter Free
ВЫПУСК 57, May 2010
Amplifier, attenuator or both?
ВЫПУСК 56, April 2010
Taming A/D Converter Power Supplies
ВЫПУСК 55, March 2010
Don’t be Mean - be Root Mean Square!
ВЫПУСК 54, February 2010
VFB or CFB that is the question!
ВЫПУСК 53, January 2010
Bring on the Converter Noise! – Part 2
ВЫПУСК 52, December 2009
Bring on the Converter Noise! – Part 1
ВЫПУСК 51, November 2009
What’s the big deal about ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS?
ВЫПУСК 50, October 2009
What’s the (Converter) Frequency Kenneth?
ВЫПУСК 49, September 2009
Some Chips Have Moving Parts!
ВЫПУСК 48, August 2009
Which carries more weight, a datasheet or SPICE macromodel?
ВЫПУСК 47, July 2009
What shall we do with an unused op-amp?
ВЫПУСК 46, June 2009
Glass Diodes May See the Light — and Hum
ВЫПУСК 45, May 2009
Keeping Common Modes Common
ВЫПУСК 44, April 2009
Impedance Measuring Chip Offers Little Resistance to Applications
ВЫПУСК 43, March 2009
Are Your Filters Filtering?
ВЫПУСК 42, February 2009
What’s in Your Toolbox?
ВЫПУСК 41, January 2009
How Big Is It?
ВЫПУСК 40, December 2008
What The Heck Are Off-Amps?
ВЫПУСК 39, November 2008
Single Supply Amplifiers—They Sound Simple…are they?
ВЫПУСК 38, October 2008
Lock Down That Noise — Don’t Let It Escape
ВЫПУСК 37, September 2008
The Difference Between Different Differential Amplifiers
ВЫПУСК 36, August 2008
Stress Is Bad For You — and For Analog ICs
ВЫПУСК 35, July 2008
A Capaciticectomy? Sounds Awfully Painful!
ВЫПУСК 34, June 2008
Hysteresis Blocks Magic
ВЫПУСК 33, May 2008
Political Correctness and Datasheets
ВЫПУСК 32, April 2008
Too Hot or Too Cold May Be Just Right*
ВЫПУСК 31, March 2008
Capacitive Sensors: Rugged Enough for the Real World?
ВЫПУСК 30, February 2008
Half Full or Half Empty? Thoughts on Capacity.
ВЫПУСК 29, January 2008
What's Your Amplifier's Febricity Due to Electricity?
ВЫПУСК 28, December 2007
Resistors Have Hidden Depths
ВЫПУСК 27, November 2007
Op-Amp Noise can be Deafening Too
ВЫПУСК 26, October 2007
Resistor Noise can be Deafening, and Hard to Reduce
ВЫПУСК 25, September 2007
Are leaky amps sinking your design?
ВЫПУСК 24, August 2007
Should you butcher your circuit or your test gear?
ВЫПУСК 23, June 2007
Things (animals and ADCs) are not always what they seem
ВЫПУСК 22, May 2007
Breadboarding With Surface Mount ICs
ВЫПУСК 21, April 2007
Igor, pass me some supply sequencers!
ВЫПУСК 20, March 2007
Observing Maximum Ratings or How to Avoid Forecasts of Doom
ВЫПУСК 19, February 2007
Just How Accurate was William Tell, Anyway?
ВЫПУСК 18, January 2007
More Chips are Better than One (or the Benefits of Belgian Food)
ВЫПУСК 17, December 2006
Replacing Optocouplers with Digital Isolators
ВЫПУСК 16, November 2006
How to Age Gracefully and Avoid Sudden Death
ВЫПУСК 15, October 2006
Why Good Engineers Use the Best Components
ВЫПУСК 14, September 2006
Sigma Delta Converters are Not Really Hard to Understand
ВЫПУСК 13, July 2006
How Not to Design Active Filters
ВЫПУСК 12, June 2006
Comparators & Op Amps—May They Never Meet
ВЫПУСК 11, May 2006
Digital Processing Does Not Always Rule
ВЫПУСК 10, April 2006
Grounding Converters
ВЫПУСК 9, March 2006
Happy Groundhog Day!
ВЫПУСК 8, February 2006
It’s easy to drive an EE to drink—but what drives one to poetry?
ВЫПУСК 7, January 2006
Tick-Tock, Tick-Tock
ВЫПУСК 6, December 2005
Check the Bias Current
ВЫПУСК 5, November 2005
Caveat Emptor!
ВЫПУСК 4, October 2005
Isolating the Key Detail
ВЫПУСК 3, September 2005
Slow “starting” ADCs
ВЫПУСК 2, July 2005
Radio Frequency Interference (or how to get a free lunch at a very good restaurant)
ВЫПУСК 1, June 2005